General Maths Trial Paper Hsc - 1944 Words

Centre Number Student Number 2008 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Business Studies | |Total marks – 100 | | | | | |Section I Pages 3 - 6 | | |20 marks | |General Instructions†¦show more content†¦What is the gross profit for this business? A) $141,000 B) $238,000 C) $151,000 D) $122,000. 4. Which of the following strategies would improve the level of grossShow MoreRelatedHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words   |  615 PagesEdited by Marcia Bascombe Designed by Sylvia Witte Typeset by Aptara Corp. Printed in China by Printplus Limited. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication data Powers, G. K. (Gregory K.) Cambridge HSC general mathematics / G. K. Powers. 9780521138345 (pbk.) Cambridge general mathematics. For secondary school age. Mathematics–Textbooks. Mathematics–Problems, exercises, etc. 510 ISBN 978-0-521-13834-5 Paperback Reproduction and Communication for educational purposes The Australian CopyrightRead MoreMarking System Is Better Than Grading System17277 Words   |  70 Pagesbenchmarks to monitor standards over time and between countries. All of these systems for monitoring the standards of SQA examinations continue to evolve. Nevertheless, users’ assumptions about grade equivalence should be treated with caution. A general concern is expressed about the ways many users of SQA and other UK qualifications are treating reported grades. UCAS tariffs and most value-added calculations assume that grades are at the interval or even ratio levels of measurement. SQA more modestlyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescondition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the BritishRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesor all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Managing information technology / Carol V. Brown . . . [et al.]. — 7th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-214632-6 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-13-214632-0 (alk. paper) 1. Management information systems. I. Brown, Carol V. (Carol Vanderbilt), 1945T58.6.M3568 2012 658.4038011—dc22 2010048598 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-214632-0 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-214632-6 BRIEF CONTENTS Chapter

Situational Analysis of BMW Free Essays

Introduction With the recent diverse increase in the use of digital technologies, marketers should focus on ways to increase their digital presence. BMWi can make use of popular social media sites to generate online interest among potential consumers as well as opinion leaders. According to Gallear et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Situational Analysis of BMW or any similar topic only for you Order Now , (2008) today consumers search the internet for almost everything, whether a high involvement product or low involvement product. However, for any product involving high risk (financial or social) the consumers greatly rely on the opinion of professionals and knowledgeable experts. For the success of digital marketing, it is important to use online channels which expose the brand to the identified target market. BMWi already has its own separate portal for its car and should find ways to direct consumers to their portals. The digital marketing strategy of the company is also in line with its corporate social responsibility initiatives, since the company is promoting an eco-friendly product through an eco-friendly medium. The company can customise the portal for better use by its consumers, similar to its strategy in case of MINI which allowed the car enthusiast and drivers to network. Digital marketing allows the companies to personify and personalise their brand experience according to customer’s requirements (Haynes, 2001). The company can provide incentives to the online drivers, car enthusiast, bloggers for tweeting and promoting the product on twitter and Facebook. If utilised effectively social media can have several benefits for the companies in terms of marketing (Faust and Householder, 2009). One method to generate online interest is its online racing game and the giving away of real prizes, which was also one of the methods that BMW used before launching its car in South Africa. The brand can start a side by side go green initiative (similar to general electric) which would help the brand gain support form environment conscious customers and would add value for the customers (Zesty, 2012). At present, the company has millions of Facebook fans which can use to amplify its marketing message (Schmuck, 2012). To improve its current digital marketing, a suggested strategy is the development of mobile applications for potential customers. The company can develop Apple and Android applications since the sale of smart phones has greatly increased in the last few years. The customers use such technology gadgets to access information on the internet and thus it can be easily used to target all potential market segments easily. Partnering with websites that provide sports and car reviews would also help the company leverage its fame. Even though the ultimate use of the campaign would be generating sales, the company should not make use of unnecessary product, but rather focus on giving a brand insight to the potential customers. The company can track and measure performance of its digital marketing campaign by measuring clicks, likes, views, tweets, shares etc. The company can give a statistical representation to the amount of time spent on website, log in frequency and clicks. Designing online games and online applications would help in engaging the consumers with the brand (Maclaran and Catterall, 2002). This would not just expose the brand and product but would also help to nurture relationships with existing consumers. For the purchase of high involvement products such as a car, the opinion leaders can play a very important role. The opinion leaders help materialise the power of word of mouth communications by passing on information and their opinion about a product. BMWi marketers can use pre-launch tests for advertisements as well as the pre-tests for the product to generate an opinion. The opinion leaders can be the obvious ones such as car reviewers, bloggers, enthusiasts and drivers. The company should also include unobvious opinion leaders such as car dealers, mechanics, environmental awareness promoters etc. According Hawkins, Best and Coney, (1998) consumers rely more on opinion leaders when they need to buy high risk products. A car is a high involvement product, expensive as well as a symbol of status for many. Thus it includes financial risks and social risk for the buyers. The potential consumers, in order to minimise the perceived risk, would rely on the information from knowledgeable personnel such as drivers and enthusiasts. The first step in generating online interest would be the identification of opinion leaders and sampling them to find a suitable presentation in all targeted segments. The identification of the opinion leaders, which are not obvious but powerful, can be a difficult task for the company. One effective strategy as suggested by markers for identifying opinion leaders is seeding the offering in a group of people (this can be based on age or geographic sampling and letting it diffuse. BMWi can use the identified age segment of 45-55 years as well as the existing users of the BMW cars. The company can then find early adopters and use information from them to locate opinion leaders (Frost, 2004). According to research by Stokburger-Sauer and Hoyer (2009) opinion leaders generally have high involvement in their respective product categories. Exposing the brand to them and initiating a trial can be enough to generate an opinion. The company, after choosing the opinion leaders, can send them cars for test driving or invite them to the showrooms to give their opinions. The company should focus on gaining a favourable response from the opinion leaders. Chrysle r in one of its marketing strategies offered the car for testing to the opinion leaders for a weekend (Hawkins, Best and Coney, 1998). The company can also record positive testimonials from people that the target market can relate to and put them on its online portals. To engage the opinion leaders the company already has an application available on iOS and Android called the Ultimate Drive through which the drivers and car enthusiast share their tips, rate roads and favourite drives (Smith, 2011). References Faust, W. and Householder, L. (2009). Get Real and Prosper: Why Social Media Demands Authentic Brands. Design Management Review Vol. 20 No. 1, pp 45-51. Frost, R. (2004). Gaining Influence Through word of Mouth. [Online] Brand channel. Available at: http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=196 [21st April, 2012] Gallear, D., Ghobadian, A. and O’Regan, N. (2008). Digital/web-based technology in purchasing and supply management: a UK study. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 19:3, pp. 346-50. Hawkins, D. Best, R.J and Coney, K.A. (1998). Consumer behavior : building marketing strategy. Beijing : China Machine Press Haynes, J. (2001). Internet management issues: a global perspective. Idea Group Inc. (ICI). Maclaran, P. and Catterall,M. (2002), researching the social Web: marketing information from virtual communities, Marketing Intelligence Planning, Vol. 20 Iss: 6, pp.319 – 326 Schmuck, A. (2012). 2 ways BMW is engaging tech-savvy consumers. [Online] I-Media Connection. Available at: http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/30787.asp Smith, C. (2011). BMW Creates Social Network for Driving Enthusiasts. [Online] Digital Marketing Ramblings. Available at: http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/bmw-creates-social-network-for-driving-enthusiasts/ [21st April, 2012] Stokburger-Sauer, N. E. and Hoyer, W. D. (2009), Consumer advisors revisited: What drives those with market mavenism and opinion leadership tendencies and whyJournal of Consumer Behaviour, 8 (2-33). Pp.100–115. Zesty, S. (2012). Brilliant BMW Real World Facebook Racing Game. [Online] Digital Marketing Institute. Available at: http://digitalmarketinginstitute.ie/blog/advertising/brillant-bmw-real-world-facebook-racing-game [21st April, 2012] How to cite Situational Analysis of BMW, Essay examples

Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure. Answer: Introduction Civil infrastructure is very fundamental area when it comes to addressing the prosperity of any society. To keep track of the structural integrity of civil infrastructure, and monitor their overall performance, SHM systems are put into use. Structural Health monitoring involves the use of intelligent sensors and related technologies to collect a wide array of data and giving an output that will be used to rate the condition of a structure or structural element. SHM systems help in the detection of possible damage on civil infrastructure due to natural hazards, aging, and/ or deterioration1. This study aims at investigating the overall use of sensors for SHM in of asset management, assessment of structural integrity, risk assessment and scrutinizing of civil infrastructure in New Zealand. Several studies in the field of damage detection in civil infrastructure have shown a rising need for the monitoring of structures such as bridges, dams, tunnels, buildings and other civil infrastructure. According to Chang, many SHM systems depend on changes in the shape modes and/or the changes in the resonant frequencies of a structure. This method works by the principle of sensing the slight variations in a structure. Hence, the variations in a structure due to environmental factors such as vibration, temperature variations, or even humidity changes are considered as noise in SHM systems. There is a need to make systems that would take measurements other than those considered as noise to the SHM system. Rytter suggests that in New Zealand, SHM is mainly use for damage detection in road bridges, especially along major highways 4 The main areas of application for bridges are: in short span and medium span bridges, for performance checking, operational health and security monitoring, and overall implementation in New Bridges. Further suggests that the level of damage detection and condition rating relies on the systems ability to predict damage and classify it into four general levels: Level 1: ability to sense the occurrence of damage; Level 2: detection of a likely location of destruction; Level 3: sensing of the likely degree of destruction; and Level 4: forecast the safety and level of service of the structure. The following are the objectives of the research: To understand the significance of sensors in SHM systems; To establish the challenges faced in the implementation of SHM in New Zealand; To appreciate the existing measures put in place by Statutory bodies in New Zealand for monitoring the structural integrity of civil infrastructure; and To highlight opportunities to be explored in SHM. When monitoring the condition and performance of non-homogeneous material like concretes, the systems used for sensing should be able to collect and record data in small increments with an allowance for local effects and discontinuities. Therefore, a number of sensing technologies have been developed. They main ones used in New Zealand include: Wireless sensors: These are sensors with an autonomous platform for collection of data. They are fitted with strain gauges that are sensitive to inertial forces induced into the structures. The inertial sensors have a gyroscope and accelerometer. Studies are being done in New Zealand to develop embedded wireless sensors to be integrated into concrete elements for purposes of monitoring the concrete in structures from the initial curing phase and subsequent strength gain of the concrete. Fiber optic sensors: The commonly used type of fiber optic sensor is the discrete point sensors which works by detecting the strains along localized areas of the construction material. They are ideal for homogeneous material. While there are a variety of benefits offered by the Structural Health Monitoring Systems, there are also major challenges associated with structural health monitoring systems. These include: Buying a structural health monitoring system is not the same as purchasing a commodity. Design work is needed for each system whether the structural monitoring system is going to be used on an existing structure or a new one. Due to high costs involved and inadequate resources required to incorporate a structural health monitoring system in a structure, many organizations find it difficult to implement one. Also, many structural health monitoring systems depend on sensors that acquire data about only one point to monitor properties i.e. point sensors. This limitation is not about efficiency or reliability; rather, it is about insight. Therefore, events that occur between critical points will not be captured hence important structural response will be lost. Finally, employment of point sensors in structural health monitoring involves interpolation to simulate additional measurement locations. This practice leads to biased damage indices since true local information is lost. Another major challenge faced by many existing structural health-monitoring systems is data normalization. This is the procedure of separating changes in sensor output caused by damage and changes brought about by varying environmental conditions. Since most structural health monitoring systems do not monitor continuously, data normalization becomes a big challenge. This becomes even harder when point sensors are used to collect the data. SHM is used in the process of damage detection and condition characterization of civil infrastructure. SHM is used to keep track of the structural integrity of buildings, dams, tunnels, levees, bridges, wind turbines, and other civil infrastructure. The following are the opportunities in the SHM technology: Control of material properties, process of construction and geometry more so in segmental construction with a complicated posttensioning and/or erection process; SHM may help in the safety management of infrastructure under construction as incomplete structures are at risk due to accidents and environmental hazards; SHM offers the chance for the validation of assumptions made during design with regards to forces, deflection, displacements, drifts, and reactions during construction. Avenues for further work In this paper, the focus has been the various ways in which Structural health monitoring can be applied in civil infrastructure damage detection. However, there are a numbers of avenues to be pursued in research to ensure that SHM gains maximum potential in New Zealand. This includes: As the sensors used in SHM are likely to be influenced by the environmental changes such as temperature variations and random vibrations during the design period of the civil infrastructure, a study of the impacts of environmental changes on the performance of SHM systems. As sensors will be collecting a vast amount of data, a data collection framework and inventory needs to be developed. Therefore, further work needs to be done focusing on developing software functionalities and algorithms to aid in civil infrastructure database and repositories management. To incorporate SHM in the monitoring of infrastructure in adverse environments, studies need to be conducted towards the development of chemical sensors for corrosion, humidity, and corrosion especially for marine structures and civil infrastructure built in areas with high Sulphur content. Conclusion Well-managed structures are the safest and durable. The ability to measure flows of information throughout the building is vital in ensuring digital future buildings that utilize innovation and next generation monitoring systems. Structural health monitoring is currently an area of interest as it presents a potential solution for future examination of structures. With the size, cost and ability of sensors becoming cheaper, the more it is becoming financially viable and feasible to install sensors all over the world. Currently, there is a gap between advanced sensing technologies that are being developed and their applicability to monitor structural performance of buildings. The ability to sense the presence of defects in concrete structures has a vital role in the damage assessment of the structures. Therefore, further research and experimental validation tests are needed to evaluate the limitations and practicality of installing the latest sensor technology to monitor the structural health of structures. References BROWNJOHN, J. M. W. Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure. https://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/. Chang, P. C.; Flatau, ; Liu, S. C. Review Paper: Health Monitoring;,(2003). New Zealand Office of the Auditor General (NZOAG). NZ Transport Agency: information and planning for maintaining and renewing the state highway network.; New Zealand Office of the Auditor General (NZOAG): Wellington,(2010). NZ Transport Agency research. Data collection and monitoring strategies for asset management of New Zealand road bridges; Wellington, (2012). New Zealand Office of the Auditor General (NZOAG). Report of the controller and auditor-general on local government: results of the 200203 audits: part two other issues arising 200203.; New Zealand Office of the Auditor General (NZOAG): Wellington, (2004). New Zealand Qualification Authority (NZQA). New Zealand qualification framework (NZQF) levels. www.nzqa.govt.nz/studying-in-new-zealand/nzqf/nzqf-levels. LYNCH, J.. An overview of wireless structural health. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6549203. Kothari, C. R. Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques; New Age International (P) Ltd.: New Delhi, (2004). Cross, E. J.; Wordon, K.; Farrar, C. Structural health monitoring for civil infrastructure. In Health assessment of engineered structures.; World Scientific Publishing., (2013). Rytter, A. Vibrational based inspection of civil engineering structures (PhD thesis).;, (1993). Glii?, B.; Inaudi, D.. Fibre optic methods for structural health monitoring.;, (2007).