Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Standards of Economics - Essay Example There are financial aspects factors and directors of taking care of the issue of liquor misuse. To start with, by expanding the costs of liquor, the power will necessitate that the merchandise won't be effectively moderate, and it would expect individuals to stop so as to manage the cost of it. The legislature would be required to collect expense on an item that is utilized in maturation or to expand the assessment of completed items. Increment in expense will constrain makers raise the costs of liquor. In conclusion, financial analyst proposes that by constraining the spot and time utilized in taking liquor can limit the instances of liquor misuse. Experts in numerous nations have passed enactment that builds the time costs utilized in taking drinks. Significant expenses licenses are collected to those that require more opportunity to build up their organizations and furthermore limiting certain zone by expanding the expense of working together (Cook, 2002). Liquor misuse can likewi se be relieved through bundling. The legislature through enactment can control minimal measure of liquor that can be bundled in a holder. The point of control is to limit the reasonableness of drinks. Enormous measure of liquor would be more costly than when bundled in littler parcels (Cook, 2002). Question 2 Prescription medications are those medications that require a medicine from a specialist before one can utilize them. This issue has influenced the free progression of medications, along these lines, influences the gracefully and request of different products. Solutions drugs are taken with different merchandise. Model, specialists recommend medicates and energize suppers that expansion the soundness of patients to assist them with recouping from their diseases. In this way, doctor prescribed medications supplement other item like food, products of the soil. Expanded utilization of recommended drug builds the interest for food, products of the soil and decrease of the equivalen t diminished the need of food, leafy foods (Anderton, 1977). Doctor prescribed medications change the interest and flexibly of different medications. Understanding who would prefer to purchase drugs over the counter don't do so when they look for prescription from specialists. In this way, increment in doctor prescribed medications lessens the arrangement of different medications in the market. Doctor prescribed medications expands the interest for clinical help. Specific clinical specialists procure a great deal when more patients look for their administrations. As an ever increasing number of cases that need patient to look for clinical consideration, the interest for those administrations increments. In any case, decline in the gracefully of physician recommended drugs negatively affects doctor’s administrations. Question 3 Elasticity is the affectability of flexibly and request to changes in the influencing factors. Versatility can likewise be characterized as the level o f variety of interest when value change or the measure of progress in gracefully when value changes. Flexibility is a key factor to consider when there is a move in gracefully on the grounds that it decides the level of an adjustment in the amount provided. Versatile interest bend has little impact when there is a move in the flexibly bend. Inelastic interest bend has an enormous extent on the move in the flexibly bend (Stonebraker, 2013). Then again, flexibility of gracefully is a factor to consider in the move of the interest bend since it versatility help decide the degree of the amount requested in a given time. A move in the gracefully bend when is less when the interest bend is moderately versatile. Inelastic interest bend has a critical change in the amount requested if there should arise an occurrence of a move sought after bend. The head of versatility of interest and gracefully in the move of

Russian Revolution 1917 Essays - Nicholas II Of Russia,

Russian Revolution 1917 Profundity Study B: Russia, 1905-1941 Task An: Objectives 1 and 2 Here are a portion of the reasons for the Russian Revolution in March 1917: ~Failures in the War ~The insurrection in the Army ~The Tsarina and Rasputin ~Food Shortages ~Strikes Prelude: In 1904 The Tsar of Russia (Nicholas II) left on a war with Japan, seeking after a brisk and brilliant triumph that would join the nation, decline support for the Tsars rivals and deal with Korea and Manchuria. Shockingly for the Tsar, the Japanese were solid and steady, both modernly and military. The Japanese squashed the Russian armed force and devastated the greater part of its armada. Harmed both militarily and mechanically, Russia needed to sign a harmony bargain. In 1905 the Tsar squashed the endeavored transformation utilizing the military that was faithful to him. In 1914, Russia entered the WWI, ill-equipped in any capacity it endured endless misfortunes and thusly all the issues that existed expanded and new issues happened. 1) FOOD SHORTAGES Food deficiencies disappointed the individuals and troopers increasingly more as costs were rising drastically. Food deficiencies were a consequence of two principle reasons. One was that Russias populace was around 130 million (and developing) around then there front a ton of food was expected to help such an enormous populace, despite the fact that Russia was huge enough to handily fit that measure of populace, 'the greater part of its homestead land was unacceptable for farming'1, this shows ranch land regularly became packed and ranchers requested more land. Russian ranchers were 'utilizing antiquated cultivating techniques'2 so one rancher had almost no land and he utilized old cultivating methods thus this significantly limited his profitability. 'The populace had expanded by 50 percent somewhere in the range of 1860 and 1897 was all the while developing fast'3 this shows how quickly the populace developed, there front making bigger food deficiencies as the measure of farmland remained the equivalent yet the measure of individuals it needed to take care of expanded incredibly. The other explanation was shipping the yield once it was gathered. ' The USA could fit into Russia more than multiple times and over and Britain about 100 times'4, the issue with transportation was that the railways were regularly the best way to ship a lot of merchandise as Russias conditions frequently made streets blocked. 'By 1900 Russia had distinctly the same number of miles of track as Britain'5 and Britain was multiple times littler. This implied there were enormous postponements of conveying food and its majority spoiled before arriving at town. The main method of shipping merchandise from the modern West to the unfarmable East was the Trans Siberian Express, which took over seven days to finish its excursion from Moscow to Vladivostok. During the WWI (which began in 1914), Food Shortages expanded enormously on the grounds that more strikes started requesting a conclusion to the war. Strikes obviously caused food deficiencies as workers started striking and not delivering any food. Likewise more warriors were expected to join the military thus the assembly line laborers were taken to battle and workers left the wide open to look for better occupations in production lines so less ranchers were left to develop food. Another significant explanation that caused an expansion in food deficiency was that ' the Russian railroad framework was being utilized to convey supplies to the war front thus prepares conveying food to the urban areas had been reduced'1so more deferrals in food conveyance had been caused, so nor the individuals, nor the fighters were by and large appropriately took care of. Despite the fact that Russia found support from Britain and France, the products were conveyed into ports which solidified in the w inter thus the guide accumulated at see and none of it could arrive at the populace. Not exclusively was there little nourishment for the individuals, costs for food rose drastically and not many could really bear to eat what was created. Food Shortages were a genuine purpose of the transformation since they could be connected to every single one of the causes on the rundown in light of the fact that the reasons that they prompted, prompted other, genuine aims. Food Shortages connected with 1) Strikes: 2) Failures in the war: 3) Tsarina and Rasputin: 4) Mutiny in the Army Food deficiencies prompted Strikes as individuals were starved, so requested bread, more strikes were framing

Persuasive Memo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Influential Memo - Research Paper Example Lexington has a sound populace of African and Hispanic people group which is a reason for ascent of social wrongdoing in the general public. According to ( City Rating,2013)â€Å"In 2010 the city rough crime percentage in Lexington was higher than the vicious crime percentage in Kentucky by 136.81% and the city property related misconduct rate in Lexington was higher than the property related misconduct rate in Kentucky by 44%†.The youthful Africans and Hispanics are more into substance misuse and violations as destitution and social numbness lead them to this. It is the commitment and obligation of Corporate like Cold stream research facilities to perform exercises that can redesign the network and individuals living it. So a social mindfulness place would bring youth who are deceived together and improve their insight about medication misuse and crimes. They will be guided to stop addictive substances and lead life which is gainful and useful. Activity of Social Awareness pl ace The activity of the social mindfulness begins with setting up a structure in a correct area with offices required for it. The following significant thing is arrangement of right experts in the inside. A social mindfulness place must have a greater amount of intentional laborers who are enthusiastic about social help work. Just significant specialists and clinical specialists should be employed with pay. The social mindfulness place must work regularly and ought to think about individuals from every single social foundation. Individuals ought to be given help liberated from cost and the nature of administration ought to be of best quality. The middle ought to be working from morning to night and would not work nonstop. Cleanliness must be of most noteworthy need consistently. The activity of the social mindfulness community must be in a sorted out way and the all the subtleties of the individuals getting the administration should be recorded. It is likewise the obligation of the volunteer social specialists to discover individuals who need the administration .The inside must have all the records and exercises being observed by an administrative head that would likewise pay special mind to any errors. The middle needs to have distinctive treatment which manages various issues. The individuals coming in would be investigated first for their issues and afterward the required assistance will be given. As indicated by ( Brooks, 2013) â€Å"A top need for some associations today is corporate social duty, which centers around how organizations manage their ecological, social and monetary impacts†. Usage of Social Awareness Center Implementing the program begins with a blue print of the middle and legitimate arranging of the staff required and the working framework. A strategy is the establishment in executing a corporate social obligation program. Quantifiable targets should be set alongside execution measures. The duties should be planned and representativ es need to hand over obligations. The necessities of the neighborhood network should be broke down and choice should be made in like manner. The senior administration needs to settle the objectives and methodologies of the program. As indicated by (Hohnen, 2007) â€Å"When actualizing a CSR technique, organizations ought to perceive and regard nearby and social contrasts, while keeping up high and predictable worldwide guidelines and policies†. It is imperative to settle on choices with respect to the money related and HR required for the program. The set of principles, rules of the inside should be set up. Duty and authority of the representatives

Professional Ethical Standards Essay Example for Free

Proficient Ethical Standards Essay This paper expects to investigate the expert code of morals of specialists, a profession which I am well on the way to seek after later. A Career in Criminal Justice that Interests Me  â â â â â â â â â â I am well on the way to turn into a criminal specialist. This is presumably the profession in criminal equity that I am destined to seek after as it intrigues me significantly. Expected set of responsibilities for the Position  â â â â â â â â â â A specialist looks for data, breaks down it, and gives it to specialists like legal advisors, for example (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n. p.). The individual in question searches for hints that may help â€Å"uncover realities, about legitimate, criminal, money related, or individual matters† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.). An examiner has such a large number of administrations to offer including: â€Å"executive, corporate, and big name insurance; pre-business check; and individual foundation profiles† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.). The individual may likewise cover the accompanying: â€Å"computer violations, for example, wholesale fraud, annoying messages, and illicit downloading of copyrighted material† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.).â notwithstanding that, they additionally give the accompanying: â€Å"assistance in criminal and common obligation cases, protection cases and misrepresentation, youngster care and assurance cases, missing persons’ cases, and pre-marriage screening† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.). In addition, they likewise readily help out in cases wherein betrayal ought to be built up (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â An agent works around in PCs much as their work includes â€Å"recovery of erased messages; recuperation of erased reports; getting confirmations that will demonstrate earlier â€Å"arrests/feelings, common legitimate decisions, phone numbers, engine vehicle enrollments, affiliation/club participations, just as, photographs† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Part of their work is to go on observation or search, for example, they examine on how much an individual is making or where the person in question works by calling or visiting the work environment of the individual; they additionally profess to be another person just to do this (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.). The person in question may likewise introduce â€Å"photographic and camcorders, optics, and â€Å"bugs† on telephones, and others that examiners frequently use for reconnaissance purposes to accumulate data on an individual† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Meanwhile, the obligations and duties of an agent is needy upon the â€Å"needs of the clients†, on the off chance that for example, the individual is exploring a case on extortion, at that point the person in question will adhere to this for whatever length of time that the customer needs or until the case is considered closedâ (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Furthermore, agents have certain specializations and a portion of these are the accompanying: â€Å"1) protected innovation robbery, wherein their assignment is to explore and archive demonstrations of theft, assist customers with halting criminal behavior, and give insight to arraignment and common activity; 2) others work in creating money related profiles and resource look wherein their reports reflect data assembled through meetings, examination and observation, and research, including audit of open records; 3) others are known as â€Å"Computer criminological investigators† who have practical experience in recouping, breaking down, and introducing information from PCs for use in examinations or as proof and they decide the subtleties of interruptions into PC frameworks, recuperate information from encoded or eradicated records, and recoup messages and erased passwords; and 4) lawful agents who aid the readiness of criminal protections, situating of witnesses serving of authoritative archives, talking with police and forthcoming observers, and assembling and inspecting proof and they may likewise may gather data on the gatherings to the prosecution, take photos, affirm in court, and amass proof and reports for trials† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008, n.p.). Proficient Code of Ethics  â â â â â â â â â â The expert code of morals of specialists involves the accompanying:  â â â â â â â â â â First of all, they are obliged to look for reality (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Second, they should be reasonable and exactly consistently (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Third, they should treat others pleasantly (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Fourth, they shouldn't utilize their capacity in a way that is harsh (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.). Regardless of whether they are approved to explore on a specific case or issue, they are still obliged to â€Å"follow the Federal, State, and Local laws† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Fifth, they are additionally obliged to â€Å"know how to gather proof appropriately with the goal that they don't bargain its tolerability in court† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Sixth, they ought to be sufficiently liberal to help out different specialists and different experts particularly in the â€Å"exchange of data and experience inasmuch as the enthusiasm of his customer are not compromised† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Seventh, they are not permitted to parade their works and aptitudes in an untrustworthy manner which may â€Å"injure/decrease the nobility and respect of his profession† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Eighth, they are obliged to illuminate people in general (if fundamental) how they may assume a job in serving equity (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Ninth, they might be permitted to communicate their own feeling however just dependent on the realities that they have accumulated (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Tenth, they may not â€Å"disclose, relate or deceive, in any design, the trust or certainty put in them by customers, businesses, or partners without consent† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Eleventh, they may not advocate, suggest, ignore or share, in any style or degree, for any reason at all, in setting up another individual (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Twelfth, they can't acknowledge a specific case/task â€Å"if an individual irreconcilable circumstance lies therein† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Thirteenth, they are obliged to advise their customer what they will do precisely to understand the case/task and will mention to the customer what their charges/installments are for in a nitty gritty way (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Fourteenth, they will abstain from utilizing strategies or techniques that may jeopardize the lives of others (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Fifteenth, they are precluded to let their own feelings and decisions interfere with â€Å"factual and honest disclosures† on the assignments (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Sixteenth, they are not permitted to â€Å"directly or in a roundabout way harm the expert notoriety, prospects or practice of another investigator† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Seventeenth, the individual in question is obliged to report an examiner who is â€Å"guilty of untrustworthy, unlawful or uncalled for practices or plans and the person in question will introduce this data to the best possible expert for action† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.).  â â â â â â â â â â Last however not least, they are denied to â€Å"criticize another specialists work with the exception of in the best possible gathering for specialized conversation and critique† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.). Novel Ethical Standards for the Profession  â â â â â â â â â â There are a few novel moral principles for the previously mentioned calling and these are the accompanying: They can't acknowledge a specific case/task â€Å"if an individual irreconcilable circumstance lies therein† (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.). They should be reasonable and exactly consistently (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.). They should treat others pleasantly (South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators, n.d., n.p.). Two Examples of Potential Ethical Dilemmas Specific to this Profession and the Code of Ethics that it Meant to Discourage  â â â â â â â â â â If for example, an examiner is mentioned

Understanding Oral Language and Literacy

Question: Talk about the Understanding Oral Language and Literacy. Answer: Presentation: Language can be characterized as a methodical type of words which is utilized by the individuals to communicate different sorts of contemplations and thoughts to one another. At the end of the day, we can say that language is a medium with the utilization of which one can without much of a stretch speak with one another and can impart any sort of data to one another. Language is a blend of words, and the strategy for utilizing the words through various - distinctive elocution procedures are otherwise called a language. By utilizing the distinctive sort of dialects orally different important sounds are created, which encourages us to speak with one another. There are different kinds of dialects being utilized for the correspondence reason on the globe (PDST, 2012). English is the national language of Australia and eighty five percent individuals of Australia talk just English. As indicated by the Australian social patterns 1999, more than one hundred and sixty dialects are being spoke n by the Australian individuals at their home. After the European settlement different dialects, for example, Chinese, German, and so on are being spoken by the Australian individuals. As per a study just a single percent individuals can't communicate in English. A little level of the complete populace of the nation who isn't having acceptable abilities in English countenances numerous troubles in areas like training, administrations, work, and so on. For diminishing these sorts of challenges being looked by the individuals of the nation, different projects have been presented by the legislature of the nation in schools and numerous other instructive foundations (Center for Public Education, 2012). As indicated by an overview done in 1996, individuals over the age of five years communicated in various dialects other than the English at their own place. Italian was the one the regular dialects being utilized by the individuals of Australia. Two percent of the Australian individuals, old enough in excess of five used to talk in Greek. Numerous different dialects like Cantonese, Arabic, Vietnamese, German, Mandarin (b), Spanish, Macedonian, Tagalog, Croatian, Polish, Maltese, Turkish, Netherlandic and so on was being spoken by in excess of forty thousand individuals of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999). Multicultural City of the Australia is Sydney and in the Sydney an enormous number of individuals utilize distinctive various dialects other than English. Around sixty five percent of the individuals living in the Sydney are not English as their language to speak with one another. Different examines being done every now and then, shows the significance of the language for the improvement of the cerebrum of a youngster. At the point when the kids begin imparting, they utilize the language comprising of both the words just as signs. Adolescence is the main stage when one can comprehend the nuts and bolts of a language being utilized in the zone, and so forth they are living. At this age they effectively looks for the requests, which causes them in understanding the different fundamental articles identified with the language (Cherry, 2016). With the assistance of the language, childrens additionally came to think about the significance of sharing any kind of data (JustLanded Team, 2016) . This additionally causes them in concluding that what kind of data they should impart to other people. With the assistance of the language they came to think about various words and sentences. This likewise causes them in utilizing these words and sentences at ideal spot on ideal time, while depicting the significance of the few words or we can say mix of a few words in the day todays life. Utilization of different kinds of dialects helps a kid in depicting its feelings, movements; point, and so on plainly and without any problem. Youngsters the individuals who have great relational abilities or at the end of the day, kids the individuals who can utilize their language can bring increasingly more data identified with a theme and then again they can communicate it to others effectively (Carter, 1997). This technique will make a decent enthusiasm among them for getting increasingly more valuable data, which further backings in feeding their insight abilities. With the assistance of this, they will come to realize that how to take an interest in every single movement without any problem. Dialects help in growing the universe of information while watching different exercises happening around them. Information about the language grows the understanding aptitudes just as it is liable for making a solid advancement of a child(Achieve Inc, 2013). We realize that as a kid grows up, he/she begins utilizing different kinds of words and motions for communicating a few perspectives and offering a few remarks on a point. Taking about routine points with the youngsters helps in adjusting their language abilities and it will likewise acquaint new words with them. Language effectsly affects its improvement relying upon the age of the youngsters (Australian Government, 2016). In the early years in the school, the youngster begins listening new and utilizing new words and sentences while the hour of conveying and working with others. The technique, by which the language is utilized by a kid, makes a picture of that youngster before the individuals with whom he/she is imparting. Social improvement of a kid is straightforwardly identified with the language which he/she is utilizing for their correspondence reason (N. Mather, 2001). On the off chance that a youngster can't discuss well with others, at that point this will make an issue for him/her in giving their perspectives or in imparting any sort of data to their folks, educators, companions and some other family members in the general public. Different issues identified with the language can influence the learning abilities of that kid, which prompts hinder the advancement procedure of the youngster. Issues identified with the language are liable for influencing the enthusiastic and psychosocial improvem ent of the youngster. The different causes made because of these issues, diminishes the working capability of the youngster. As per a site working for the government assistance of the kids known as Stop Child Abuse Now (SCAN) a youngster must have great language aptitudes so that, he/she can without much of a stretch speak with others and can undoubtedly speak to the different perspectives in their psyche before others. As per the different overviews done by the Stop Child Abuse Now (SCAN) shows that, if a youngster can't communicate for oneself before others or he/she faces any trouble in communicating to other people, at that point it is about not to be workable for him to comprehend their own inclination or any kind of thought in their psyche. As indicated by this general public or site, the best way to keep the youngsters far away from these sorts of issues is to build up their language abilities, in light of the fact that relying on their realities this is the main route for th e government assistance of the kids. World Health association (WHO) reports reveal to us that the initial three years are the most significant long periods of the youngster life for the advancement of his/her cerebrum (Bruer, 1999). As per the world wellbeing association, the general improvement of the cerebrum of a youngster is for the most part reliant on the advancement of language abilities. A few reports of the association show that, a youngster faces a few issues in his/her lifetime if and just in the event that he/she has an absence of language abilities in his/her gazing years. The association likewise portrays different realities like on the off chance that a kid a more noteworthy language advancement issues, at that point doubtlessly he/she will take to build up their abilities socially, in light of the fact that improvement at the beginning period of life helps in developin great social relations by working with maximum capacity (Benitez, 2016). As we probably am aware, that the language assumes a significant job in everybodys life and is significant for the fruitful consummation of an undertaking or work. For the improvement of these kinds of aptitudes, different advances ought to be followed or we can say following those means is important. These days, the majority of the kids need to support their language abilities relying on the timetables made without anyone else, however in real for a decent improvement he/she needs to take exhorts from the experts, their folks, individuals higher ranking than them, and so on. The informs concerning their folks, individuals senior to them or of the experts will help them a great deal in building up their language aptitudes by knowing the utilization of a few new words, signs and motions (Brannagan, 2015). On the off chance that a youngster is confronting any kind of issue with respect to his/her language, at that point he/she should state to their folks, and so forth and guardians, ne eds to make some quick move for settling a few issues being looked by their kid. Sharing these sort issues with the seniors will help the kid in getting a proper arrangement in regards to their concern, on the grounds that the few endeavors made by their older folks will help them in getting fitting assets as their answer on time without burning through much time and making postpones which are liable for expanding those such issues. While speaking with others the words, signs, motions, and so on utilized by a youngster shows his/her real picture. The utilization of these signs, motions and the words tells about that what is going in the psyche of the youngster and makes a picture before the other individual with whom he/she is conveying or sharing any kind of data. Another strategy for imparting any kind of data to others is by utilizing signs or by utilizing the technique for composing. Every single youngster has his/her own quality of learning and creating language aptitudes. Cont ingent on their qualities youngsters use to complete a few examinations utilizing various strategies for the language. The fate of a youngster predominantly relies upon the improvement made during the beginning time of the life. Diverse various dialects are utilized for contrastingly abled kids. The youngsters the individuals who are hard of hearing, for example the individuals who can't hear or can just hear a little piece of the total discussion being done around them are being prepared in the communication via gestures. Uncommon teachers help those kids in making them prepared for t

Applying for SIPA First-Year Funding COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Applying for SIPA First-Year Funding COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog At SIPA all first-year applicants for the two-year, full-time MIA and MPA programs are considered for institutional fellowships. All that is required to apply for first-year fellowship is to submit an admission application. We do not require a separate application to apply for first-year fellowship. Due to the fact that we receive admission applications from citizens of over 100 countries each year we do not conduct admission interviews. We rely upon the information in each application to make both admission and fellowship decisions. The Admissions Committee awards institutional fellowships to approximately 15% of the incoming class each year. Every student who is admitted to SIPA is eligible to apply for second-year fellowship. In the spring of 2009 approximately 75% of second-year students chose to apply for funding through SIPA. Of that 75%, approximately 70% received funding and the average award was just over $19,000. Some students choose not to apply for SIPA funding because they have outside awards that cover their educational costs. Many students are able to combine external fellowships with institutional funds from SIPA. We highly encourage all applicants to pursue external funding opportunities and the sooner you begin the process, the more likely you are to find out about opportunities that fit your profile. If you have not already, we highly encourage all applicants to explore our external fellowship database.

Service Projects for Teens in Summer Time

It is always a good idea to give back to the community that helped you become a person you are today. The world would simply be better off if we start performing more acts of selflessness. Those students who do want to serve the community end up feeling overwhelmed with the number of options and it suddenly seems like a daunting task to perform acts of charity. We have come up with 6 ways you can help the community while still striking a healthy balance with both your student and personal life. These are some perfect service projects for teens: 1. Join Your School’s Community Service Program Sometimes, you just need to involve yourself more in the outreach programs within your own school. These organizations can help you perform a range of activities, from serving cookies to homeless shelters, spending time with retired folks in old age homes and even volunteering to take care of sick people in hospitals. 2. Help Clean Your Beach With the world’s beaches getting engulfed by filth and pollution, it falls on your shoulders to take care of the mess. There are various volunteering opportunities scattered across the place, all you have to do is sign up with them and begin helping the environment get back on track. The Greenpeace of South Florida Deerfield Beach club is an excellent choice if you are from Florida. 3. Feed the Poor There is a large number of homeless people in the USA with no place to go and hungry, grumbling stomachs. There are a lot of programs geared towards feeding the homeless citizens. Participate in these hunger relief programs distributing food to the poor. Just don’t document your volunteering activities to brag online to your friends and the rest of the world. That would just undo all your efforts! 4. Organize a Blood Drive There is a shortage of blood in hospitals and the number of needy patients just keeps on increasing, you can sign up with Red Cross to help provide some aid to the ailing people. You will even overcome your ridiculous fear of needles and even receive a free cookie at the end of your donation. 5. National Youth Service Day The National Youth Service Day is organized every April when it connects millions of young, energetic, zealous students into performing a range of community service activities such as cleaning up beaches. 6. Sponsor a Poor Child There are millions of poor children around the world who do not have access to a good education. The best way to move forward for the entire planet is to have an educated population; you can do your part by sponsoring a poor child in the far corner of the world. You can sign up to ChildrenInternational and spend a monthly stipend of $32. You can even pitch in with your friends if you fall short of the cash. If you want to spend your summer wisely, try one or even several options from this list, and you will see how proud you will become.

The Court Procedures Of The Criminal State And Local...

In module III has taught me the roll of the how the courts work, as well as the organization and operation of all federal state and local levels of government. The court procedures are fairly standard throughout the United States. Opening statement shows the prosecutor’s concept and the evidence that will be presented. Followed by examination were prosecution call witness and conducts direct questions. The defense attorneys may also ask questions were the witness can only confirm or deny. Objections can be made at any time of the trial. At the end each attorney review all evidence to decide points of guilt or innocence. Appeal exanimates the facts of the case to ensure that there were to errors made, and determinates that the defendant was treated fairly in the original trial. I also learned that there are four major positions involved in the trial process. Prosecution, defense, judge, and jury. And that not all states use the grand jury; some states use grand juries for all f elony filings but other states use grand juries for only certain types of cases for example, the prosecutor charges the defendant by filling information and complaint. New information I gather was that the U.S. Constitution guarantees every defendant the right to due process and a fair trial. Something interesting about the court was that over 90% of all criminal cases end up in plea negotiations. The court procedure is followed by opening statements, direct examination, the patrol officer who was firstShow MoreRelatedCriminal Procedure Policy Paper1457 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Procedure Policy Kristen Torres CJA/353 June 14, 2010 Kathleen H. Mooneyhan â€Å"Criminal procedure is the branch of American constitutional law concerned with the state’s power to maintain an orderly society and the rights of citizens and residents to live in freedom from undue government interference with their liberty† (Zalman, 2008, p. 4). The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth amendments are significant in studying criminal procedure. In criminal justice, the criminal procedureRead MoreThe Legal System Of The United States1396 Words   |  6 Pagesgets involved within the legal system should first know there is numerous amounts of ways and different types of courts in which their case may be heard every individual case is heard in a different court depending on the nature and seriousness of the case. Like the U.S there is also a number of different higher courts to which appeals can be made. The number of judges that hear each level of cases weather it is a minor or a major case rulings may also vary depending on the type of is sue involved. UnlikeRead MoreA Public Servant As Someone Who Is Employed By The Government Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesUSlegal.com defines a public servant as someone who is employed by the government, either throughout appointment or election, for example, Mayors, governors, and state legislatures, and city council members. Public servants are not just elected or appointed by the government, they are more broadly defined as people who are employed by the government such as police officers, firefighters, health officers, city administrators, city attorneys, animal control officers, and other city personnel authorizedRead MoreCriminal Justice and Security Goals and Challenges1450 Words   |  6 Pagesfederal, state, and local law enforcement agencies differ in what they can each handle. As a whole, they have the objective to protect and serve the public, but separately, each branch, federal, state, and local handles their own sections of the government services. For example, the federal law enforcement agencies have goals and objectives that involves the protecting of our border, making sure that we are enforcing customs regulations, as well as upholding immigration laws. The state law enforcementRead MoreOverview of the American Legal System1127 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, the legal system is an interconnected system of regulatory, governmental and judicial authorities that operate under the Constitution and Bill of Rights of the United States, various State and Local Constitutions and laws, and agreed upon standards. The overall system operates at the federal, state and local level through Federal Courts, State Courts, and Governmental Regulatory Agencies (Neubauer and Fradella, 2010). All of this is based on the Common Law Adversarial SystemRead MorePolitical System of Germany1700 Words   |  7 PagesGermany is a federal state created by the German Federal Constitution (Grundgesetz, Art. 20 (1)). Germany consists of 16 states (L„nder) each with their own constitution. Articles 70 et seq. of the constitution allocate legislative powers between the federal government and the states. The general rule is that a power not expressly granted the federal government (expressed in Articles 70, 71 and 73 of the Grundgesetz) is retained by the state, making the states relatively autonomous. Read MoreThe Rights Of The United States867 Words   |  4 Pagesand the respect to one’s dignity. This amendment depicts the central privileges of the citizens of the United States. In the event that any individual were not able to criticize the government, it would be difficult to implement order. By looking the right to speak freely there is additionally opportunity of freedom of assembly and freedom of speech that are essential for the United States democracy. As indicated by Derechos, Human Rights, the right to speak freely is a standout amongst the mostRead MoreJustice Systems in Egypt and in the United States Essay680 Words   |  3 PagesSystem in Egypt and the United States Brian L. Goodman Daymar College Outline Abstract Introduction III. The Legal Systems A. The United States Legal System B. The Egypt Legal System IV. Types of Crimes V. Components of Justice System in the United States VI. Components of Justice System in Egypt VII. Crimes A. United States B. Egypt VIII. Notes IX. References Abstract Justice System in Egypt and the United States are similar in many ways.Read MoreThree Branches of the U.S. Federal Government862 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Barbara Cherry Phase 1 IP CJUS290-1402A-01 Prof. Christine Lee 04/14/2014 Describe the 3 branches of the U.S. federal government.   1. Explain the role of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The role of the Legislative Branch is that they are the only branch that can create new laws. They have an enormous amount of power. Elections are held every two years for the House and every six years for the Senate. The have two parts one is the House of representatives and the otherRead MoreBusiness Law1268 Words   |  6 Pagespresident, and the federal courts. Federal supremacy- cause federal statues to preempt inconsistent state law. Federal law is supreme to state law. Federalism- structures power relations between the federal government and the states. Judicial review-Courts declare the actions of other government bodies unconstitutional. Police power-broad state power to regulate for the public health, safety, morals, and welfare. Enumerated powers- (USC limits government regulatory powers in two ways)

Donald Trump Presidential Campaign - The Craziest Moments

The Fences By August Wilson - 1813 Words

In the Fences, by August Wilson shows that life of African Americans in the U.S. in the 1950s with the story of Troy and his family. Wilson uses the symbol of the fence to show the desires of each character like Rose’s desire is to keep her family together, Troy’s desire is to keep death out and to be not bound forever, and Bono’s desire is to follow Troy, his best friend, as an example of the right way to live and to be with Rose and Troy who are basically his family. Rose and the other seen characters represent people and show gender roles of the time, like Rose is a housewife, Troy is the provider. Also Cory is the new generation of emotion over responsibility, Gabriel represents the war heros that were permanently disabled from war†¦show more content†¦Bono: Some people build fences to keep people out†¦ and other people build fences to keep people in. Rose wants to hold on to you all. She loves you.† (12.i.) Here August Wilson in the first part shows a little of the gender roles of the 1950s where men are the boss of the house and women are subservient to them. It also shows that Rose did not go in as told but remained there with them and Troy accepted that he could not tell her what to do. The image or action of Rose not leaving shows the changing of the times in other words the 1950s on the fence to between the old ways and the new ones. In the first part of what Bono says describes Troy with death and the other part describes Rose with her love for her family and desire to keep everyone close and happy. The character Gabriel (Uncle Gabe) is a mix of many different things and people that of the time and believes he signals the opening of heaven’s gate as his interpretation of the fence. Gabriel is Troy’s half brother who went and fought in the war. He was medically discharged after receiving a head injury that permanently reduced his mental functions. Troy helped Gabriel get a settlement and helps spend/manage the money. Troy used the money to buy himself a house that Gabriel originally lived in as well until Gabriel moved out at his own wish. Wilson wrote: â€Å" Gabriel: ‘Oh, yeah†¦ I know it. The devil’s strong. The devil ain’t no pushover. Hellhounds snipping at everybody’s heels. But IShow MoreRelatedFences : Fences By August Wilson1541 Words   |  7 PagesName: Alejandro Ahmed Date: 12/6/16 Unit: American Drama Title: Fences Author: August Wilson Year of Publication: 1986 Fences Study Guide Descriptive i. Overview: â€Å"Fences†, was a play written by August Wilson in 1986. The play communicates the story of the son of an unsuccessful sharecropper, Troy Maxson, who has lived most of his life independently due to his father’s abuse during his childhood. The play focuses on Troy’s interactions and conflicts with other characters, and the complicated relationshipsRead MoreFences by August Wilson791 Words   |  3 Pageshave built fences to keep enemies out and keep those they want to protect inside. In society today, people create metaphorical fences in order to fence in their feelings, while others create literal fences in order to keep the unwanted away. In the play Fences, the Maxon family lives in 1950’s America whose love for sports and one another are questioned at times when they need to be together the most. In the play Fences by August Wilson, two main characters Troy and Cory Maxon build a fence, literallyRead MoreFences, By August Wilson1104 Wor ds   |  5 PagesAfrican-Americans during the middle of the twentieth century were treated differently than those of the white population. Fences, a play by August Wilson, demonstrates the frustration of white dominance during a time when African-Americans were secluded from society. The Maxson family are the main characters of the play, showing the life they lived in their black tenement in Pittsburg in the 1950s. The setting demonstrates the drama of their struggle, frustration, rebellion, and the predicamentsRead MoreAugust Wilson Fences984 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause in order to get what you want you have to fight for it. Two literary works that reflect this quote are Fences, a play about the struggles of African American before and during the Civil Rights Era in the 1950s and 60s, by August Wilson and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† a short story that shows the difference between women and men during that time, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. ‘Fences’ shows th e revolution the characters face, their actions and what is the result of those choices. Whereas, ‘TheRead MoreFences, By August Wilson807 Words   |  4 PagesFences â€Å"Some people build fences to keep people out...and other people build fences to keep people in† (61). In the play, Fences, by August Wilson who displays how fences symbolize different situations to represent different characters. The story takes place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the 1950’s, and in the play fences gives an outlook of providing an obstacle or barrier that is intended to keep something out or in. It shows through the protagonist character, named Troy Maxson and his wifeRead MoreFences by August Wilson883 Words   |  4 PagesFences, written by August Wilson, is a play about a man, named Troy, struggling to support his family during the late 1950’s. In this play, we see that Troy hurts the people closest to him. He has been uncaring towards his wife, Rose, his brother Gabriel and his son, Cory. This is because Troy had nothing to go on but the harsh example set by his father. In Fences, Troy has felt like he has been fenced in all of hi s life, which causes him to fence others in. Troy has felt fenced in all of his lifeRead MoreFences, By August Wilson895 Words   |  4 PagesFences written by August Wilson is an award winning drama that depicts an African-America family who lives in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania during the 1950’s. During this time, the Mason’s reveal the struggles working as a garbage man, providing for his family and excepting life as is. The end of segregation began, more opportunities for African American people were accessible. Troy, who’s the father the Cory and husband of Rose has shoes fill as a working African America man. He is the family breadwinnerRead MoreFences, August Wilson1835 Words   |  8 PagesAs illustrative of the kind of analysis I would bring to Fences, by August Wilson, if my bid to direct is successful, O prose to take direction for a part of Act 1, Scene 3 of the play. This will include possible blocking, camera work, music, and what the actor should be feeling and experiencing while acting the par t. I will examine how crucial it is that the actors portray their characters effectively, and I will offer commentary to assure just that. On the basis of these findings I will determineRead MoreSymbolism In Fences By August Wilson1460 Words   |  6 PagesKeep Love in or Lock it Out?: An Analysis of Symbolism in Fences Symbolism is defined as an artistic and poetic movement or style using symbolic images and indirect suggestion to express mystical ideas, emotions, and states of mind. In Fences by August Wilson, symbolism is used heavily throughout the play in order to represent deeper meanings and add to the emotion of the storyline. In order for the play to have so much depth and emotion, symbolism is crucial to the work itself and the heavy topicsRead MoreFences by August Wilson1495 Words   |  6 PagesGrowing up, most parents want what is best for their children with the hope that they will lead a better life than the one they had. On the surface, this does not seem to be the case in the relationship between Troy and Cory in August Wilson’s Fences. Troy was a hardworking man who did all he can to provide for his family. Cory worked equally as hard in his athletic career. Troy made a decision to end Cory’s football career out of protection but Cory viewed it as his father’ s jealousy. Troy’s rough

Biography of French Painter Jacques-Louis David Essay

My first choice of French painter, Jacques-Louis David’s work is Napoleon Crossing the Alps. As important as the Church of the Savor on Blood was and still is important to Russia, Jacques-Louis David was important to revolutionary France. He lived in a very turbulent time in France’s history. He was a passionate supporter of French Revolution and the idea of overthrowing the monarchy. As a French revolution came closer to reality, David turned away from a typical classical subject that he was trained to paint and turned his brushes and an imagination towards depicting political events that were surrounding him and France. One of the most iconic historical paintings has become Napoleon Crossing the Alps. The work is neo-classical, because†¦show more content†¦However, that pose Bonaparte refused, citing the fact that few people are interested in real similarity is sufficient to express the essence of genius. David kept similarity. The reality was less heroic Bon aparte poor rider, who crossed the Alps on a mule wearing a gray coat and suffered from sickness during the journey in the mountains. Here we see Napoleon mounted on a horse, a symbol of strength, energy, a noble naturalness. The composition is dynamic: the body axis of the Prancing Horse and the axis of the body of the rider form a strong cross. The horse and Napoleon stand like the carved image on the background of the cold gray- blue sky and snow-capped mountains. Its motion seems to be stalled, once and for all stop. Also, David created the image of Napoleon anticipates the images of the emperor, which will vary in every way artists romantic time - writers and picturesque graphics â€Å"the Napoleonic epic. The image of Napoleon resolved in heroic terms elated. Relying on illustrious ancestors who successfully crossed the Alps and whose names are engraved on the rocks, Hannibal in antiquity, Charlemagne (Carolus Magnus) to the Middle Ages, it shows that it is part of history. Napoleon Bonaparte is lit up from the front, and pushed by the wind. The sky tormented tears; this is the future of the country designated finger rider, Napoleon. The French army is in the background, pushed by the French flagShow MoreRelatedHow Does One Re Work History?2351 Words   |  10 Pagesthe history he wants to tell, and how much he wants to portray in his works . He photographs his subjects, and have them pose in the poses of the artists he draws inspiration from; Baroque Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens, British artist Thomas Gainsborough, and Napoleon’s court painter Jacques-Louis David. There’s a reason he draws inspiration from these artists, â€Å"there is a reason for that† Says Wiley â€Å" and that has to do with power† These poses are meant to evoke a conversation around art historyRead MoreEssay on Jaques Louis David1898 Words   |  8 Pages1. Introduction Set on a stage of revolution and Enlightenment, the Neo-Classical period presents a broad and interesting topic. Jacques Louis David was the first political painter, and a true revolutionary, but one cannot disengage his art work from the social and political systems of the period. Therefore, this essay will present an overview of the social context and systems of Pre Revolution France, Neoclassicism and how David’s work was influenced by it and how his work influenced it. AlsoRead MoreLes Demoiselles DAvignon5704 Words   |  23 Pagespreferred  las chicas de Avignon  instead. Background and development Picasso came into his own as an important artist during the first decade of the 20th century. He arrived in Paris from Spain around the turn of the century as a young, ambitious painter out to make a name for himself. Although he eventually left most of his friends, relatives and contacts in Spain, he continued to live and paint in Spain while making regular trips back to France. For several years he alternated between living andRead MoreAp European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example5639 Words   |  23 PagesFlorence * Early humanists * Francesco Petrarch—the father of humanism * Wrote personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace * Wrote a Latin Epic poem, Africa, a tribute to a Roman general, and biographies of famous Roman men * Sonnets to Laura remains his most famous work * Classical and Christian values coexist in his works * Dante Alighieri * Wrote Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy which were far lessRead MoreRenaissance And Discovery Of The Renaissance4916 Words   |  20 Pagesa position as the head of classical learning at a university in Florence Francesco Petrarch—the father of humanism †¢ Wrote personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace †¢ Wrote a Latin Epic poem, Africa, a tribute to a Roman general, and biographies of famous Roman men †¢ Sonnets to Laura remains his most famous work †¢ Classical and Christian values coexist in his works Dante Alighieri †¢ Wrote Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy which were far less secular than Petrarch’s works Giovanni Boccaccio †¢Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Lyotard and the nature of knowledge Foucault: postmodernism, discourse, knowledge and power Organizational culture The challenges of postmodernism to organization theory Problematizing normal scienceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Prentice Hall, 2012) Management, 11th ed. with Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2012) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 10th ed., with David DeCenzo (Wiley, 2010) Prentice Hall’s Self-Assessment Library 3.4 (Prentice Hall, 2010) Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed., with David DeCenzo and Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Supervision Today! 7th ed., with David DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip

Administrative Law Free Essays

This problem is a straight forward problem in judicial review and prerogative remedies. Judicial review can be done through Prerogative orders. Judicial review refers to the Court’s review of a lower or administrative body’s factual or legal findings[1]. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prerogative remedies are remedies which if not always are designed from the first for the control of governmental duties and powers, have long been used for the purpose especially[2]. These remedies are such as certiorari, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and habeas corpus. Appropriate remedies which Cristiano Ronaldo may seek in an action before the High Court and the reasons for seeking of each of the remedies are; Certiorari, this is an order issued by the High Court to an inferior court or any authority exercising judicial functions to investigate and decide the legality and the validity of the orders passed by it. Ronaldo can apply for a remedy of certiorari following the reasons that the administrative body acted in excess of its powers of which is one of the suitable condition for the issuance of this remedy. The reason with which this order can be issued is due to the fact that the administrative body had exercised its powers in excess. In the case of R vs. Electricity commissioners,[3] it stated the conditions suitable for the application of the writ of certiorari in that when a body of persons having a legal authority to determine questions affecting the rights of subjects and having the duty to act judicially, acts in excess of their legal authority, they are subject to the controlling jurisdiction of the King’s Bench Division. Ronaldo can also base on the ground that there was a failure on the part of the Director of Trade to exercise his discretionary power. The conditions vested upon this ground, is that the same discretionary powers must be exercised by the person to whom it is vested and within the ambit of the law. For instance, in the case of Keshavan Bhaskaran vs. State of Kerala,[4] the rule provided that no school-leaving certificate would be granted to any person unless he had reached 15 years of age. Under certain deserving circumstances, the Director was empowered to grant exemptions from this rule. But the director further self-imposed his own rule that unless the deficiency in age was less than two years, which was contrary to the provisions of the discretion. The court held that the rule of policy was contrary to the law; hence the decision was quashed by certiorari. Also Ronaldo can advance in his argument the fact that there was a violation of the rules of Natural Justice which are the right to be heard and the rule against bias. He was not given the opportunity to be heard. For example in the case of Simeoni Manyaki v. Institute of Financial Management[5], the court issued certiorari on the reason of failure to observe the rules of natural justice by refusing the applicant the right to be heard. The case of Sinai Mrumbe and Another v. Muhere Chacha[6] provides that the order of Certiorari is issued by the High Court to quash the proceedings and the decision of a subordinate court or tribunal or a public authority where there are no other alternative remedy. In this problem there is no other remedy which has been stated to be availed to Ronaldo. Therefore certiorari can be issued against Mr. Toure. The other remedy is mandamus; this is the prerogative writ for compelling performance of public duties. It is a discretionary prerogative power which the court will grant only in suitable cases and withhold in others. Mandamus commands the authority to perform some legal duty. For Mandamus to be granted the case of John Mwombeki Byombalirwa v. The Regional Commissioner Kagera and Another[7], Mwalusanya, J (as he then was) advanced five conditions for an order of mandamus to be issued they are as follows; the applicant must have demanded performance and the respondent must have refused to perform, the respondent as public officers must have a public duty to perform imposed on them by the statute or any other law but it should not be a duty owed solely to the state but should be a duty owed to the individual citizen. The public duty imposed shou ld be of an imperative nature and not a discretionary one. The applicant must have locus stand that is he must have sufficient interest in the matter he is applying for lastly there should be no other appropriate remedy available to the applicant. In this problem the conditions are present as Ronaldo has demanded the performance for the renewal of license and the Director of Trade refused and he was not been given notice as noted in the case of Palm Beach Inn Ltd and Another v. Commissioner for Tourism and Two Others[8]. Also Mr. Toure was having a duty to perform on him thus to grant license. This duty was not of an imperative nature as the case of considering the application of license and not discretion as per the case of Re Mohamed Aslam Khan[9]. Also Ronaldo has a interest as he is an aggrieved person thus he has a locus standi as per the case of Alfred Lakaru v. Town Director Arusha[10]. Lastly there is no other appropriate remedy as the right to appeal is not indicated in the problem. Reasons in which Ronaldo can base in his application are violation of the rules of natural justice as per the case of Simeoni Manyaki v. Institute of Financial Management[11] Also there was irrelevant consideration as per the case of Fernandez v. Kericho Liquor Licensing Board. Error of jurisdiction as per the case of R v. Minister of Transport[12], failure to exercise discretion and legitimate expectation as per the case of Schmidt v. Secretary of Home Affairs[13] . PART B: Grounds upon which Cristiano Ronaldo would advance in his argument to convince the court to grant him remedies h e seeks are; Violation of the rules of natural justice, remedies can be issued where there is a violation of natural justice. In this problem Cristiano Ronaldo was not given a hearing thus the right to be heard before the renewal of his license was refused by the Director of Trade. The right to be heard is derived from the Latin maxim ‘audi alteram partem’, which simply means hear the other side. Under this the person to be affected by the decision of the administrative body must be given a notice of the case against him so that he can defend himself for example in the case of R v. University of Cambridge[14], the applicant was deprived of his degree on allegations of misconduct but no notice was given to him. The court quashed the decision for the breach of the rules of natural justice. Ronaldo was not given any prior warning by the Local licensing authority Also there is hearing thus the must be given a fair opportunity to present his case and contradict any statement prejudicial to his interests. In this problem Ronaldo was not given a hearing for example in the case of Felix Bushaija and Ot hers v. Institute of Development Management Mzumbe and Others[15]; in this case the students were expelled from the institution without a hearing. They made application for prerogative orders of certiorari, mandamus and prohibition to quash the decision to expel them and affording the students the right to be heard. The remedies ware awarded basing on the ground of violation of the rules of natural justice. Another ground is legitimate expectation; this ground is evoked when an individual was affected by an adverse decision of the administrative body without being heard. In this problem the Director of Trade refuses the renewal of business license to Ronaldo in which he was having expectations that the license was to be renewed as it in other years the respective administrative authority denies to grant the same to that individual, without availing him with a hearing and good reasons. In the case of Schmidt vs. Secretary of Home Affairs,[16] it was held that the rules of natural justice also protect any legitimate expectation of a person of which it would be unfair to deprive him without hearing of what he would have to say. There is failure to exercise jurisdiction as there is dictation or abdication. Acting under dictation happen when an authority acts under the dictation of a superior authority which in fact was not what was intended by the statute. This ground is clear as the Director of Trade, Mr. Koure Toure, was acting from firm instructions of Thiery Henry the influential councilor at the city hall. For example in the case of Cader vs. Commissioner for Mosque,[17] in this case a board was having power to appoint trustee of mosque they consulted the member of Parliament who supplied the list of names including his own name the board later endorse the names supplied by the Member of Parliament. The court held that the decision of the Board was null and void because it was made by an outsider. Also Mr. Koure Toure, the Local licensing Authority have considered irrelevant matters and leaving out relevant matters. The statement that the license is not renewable on the grounds of irresponsible behavior of the applicant and that he does not respect his elders and consequently not being fit to hold a license, is purely a consideration of irrelevant matters which omits the principle that it is only the relevant matters that are to be considered by any administrative body. If the authority takes into account only irrelevant or extraneous considerations, the exercise of that power will be ultra vires and the action termed as bad. For instance, in the case of Hukam Chand vs. Union of India,[18] upon the petitioner’s phone disconnection on the grounds of it being used for illegal trading, the Supreme Court held that it was an extraneous consideration and an arbitrary exercise of power by the authority. Likewise, in the case of Re:Bukoba Gymkhana Club,[19] in this case the court ruled that the refusal for the renewal of the license by the Licensing Authority on the ground that the club was discriminatory by looking in its composition was ultra vires due to irrelevant consideration In addition to that the decision made by the Director of Trade as the Local Licensing Authority was unreasonable and no reasonable authority will make such a decision of refusing the applicant’s renewal of business license on the ground of irresponsible behaviour and that he did not respect his elders. In the case of Kruse vs. Johnson,[20] the local authority passed the by law prohibiting any person from music and singing in any public place or highway within 50 yards of any dwelling house the court nullified the by law on the ground of unreasonableness and therefore ultra vires. Error of jurisdiction, this happens when an inferior court or tribunal acts without jurisdiction or fails to exercise jurisdiction vested in it by law. This is due do the fact that Mr. Thierry Henry assumed jurisdiction and give firm instructions to the Director of Trade not to renew Ronaldo’s license under any circumstance. In the case of R v. Minister of Transport[21], it was held that even though the minister was not empowered to revoke the license he passed an order of revocation of license. The decision was quashed. Convincingly Cristiano Ronaldo should be granted the remedies as prayed for due to the grounds afore mentioned the aim being to keep the Local Licensing Authority within the limits of its jurisdiction. How to cite Administrative Law, Papers

Loss of the Creature Walker Percy Essay Example For Students

Loss of the Creature Walker Percy Essay We put an immense amount of trust into others experiences and furthermore allow it to dictate our own. I have not done a lot of traveling, but I know that there is a desire to see something new, to make a revolutionary finding. We allow ourselves to use the internet when travelling, to find specific destinations but not knowing that our own discoveries and findings, are what we make of our true experiences. Percy explains a loss of sovereignty in this world and how one has lost an experience through various â€Å"symbolic complexes† and by the means of trying to achieve that experience. We will write a custom essay on Loss of the Creature Walker Percy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I, myself can relate to the experience of the man from Boston, taking his family to see the Grand Canyon but not actually seeing the sight for what it really is. Sometimes all we get to see is what has been approved and not what the real thing is, therefore leaving a person to see what everyone else is seeing because we will not be able to actually see beyond the approvements due to what an expert may tell us what is expected of the experience. My family and I had not done a lot of traveling but during the summer of 2008, we were off to see the Niagara Falls for the first time ever. Prior to leaving, i was told various experiences from friends and family and had even seen pictures about how their trip had went, and it made me think that maybe my experience would be just as great. After reading Walker Percys essay on The Loss of the Creature, i soon realized that my experience of visiting the Niagara Falls might have been lost through various symbolic complexes. Percy explains the example of the the Grand Canyon, the thing as it is, has been appropriated by the symbolic complex which has already been formed in the sightseers mind (Ways of Reading, Pg. 482), and that i may be seeing and viewing the Niagara Falls from others experiences. However, the next day upon our arrival we were off to see the Niagara Falls, as we arrived i had noticed that almost everyone had a tour brochure in their hand. As it being our first time at Niagara Falls, my family and I were also lured into the tour guides, not being able to really see it for what the falls really were. Perhaps if it were Sunday, and all the tours were shut down, and the crowds had gone home for the day, maybe then my family and I could really experience the falls. Now looking back on my trip, I feel as if the hotels, restaurants and all the lights distracted everyone from really seeing the falls for what it is and I also feel as if everyone was blinded by the tour brochures which made it just seem like an ordinary trip where they went on tours of the place and saw everything for what the experts think they should see. My overall experience of the Niagara Falls was not that bad, the main attraction was pretty impressive even though the tour experts were telling us tourists what the experience is or should be in this case, that one should ride the Maid of the Mist boat tour across the harbour in order to fully experience the falls. When i come to realize it, the one thing that was missing was my own sovereign experience, it. Percy offers several suggestions, but the one that fits my experience occurs as â€Å"a consequence of a breakdown of the symbolic machinery by which the experts present the experience to the consumer (Ways of Reading, Pg. 83). In the end ive come to understand that i had already seen the Niagara Falls because of the image i already had in my mind that was formed before my trip and how i would never be able to actually see the falls before it had been approved. My family and I going on a trip was obviously planned out to see the Niagara Falls but as Percy explains it, the meas ures taken are measures appropriate to the consumer: the expert and the planner know and plan, but the consumer needs and experiences (Ways of Reading, Pg. 92) which clearly means that my family and I went to see the falls as an experience we could look back on. With all the roaring rapids and clouds of mist in the square mile of Niagara Falls, the one thing that stood out the most to me in Niagara was the crystal beach waterfront. I felt as if the crystal beach hadnt been talked about and that it was something totally new to me that i didnt know anything about. .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .postImageUrl , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:hover , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:visited , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:active { border:0!important; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:active , .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc6c5491da83290eac0fd1b0fd71020dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: I, What I Know, Assume or Imagine EssayThere were no tourist guide experts telling my family what the experience is or should be like while at the crystal beach and there were no postcards or pictures, along with stories that i had heard of. Being there and having a camcorder in hand was a good investment because we had recorded many videos of the Niagara Falls and the crystal beach, along with many other things because you just can’t capture the motion or the sound of the water in still images. I believe that i can relate my trip to he American couple that visited Mexico because I, myself went to see the Niagara Falls but left with a different experience not being that of the falls but of something totally different. For example Percy noted, It is given expression by their repeated exclamations that this is too good to be true, and by their anxiety that it may not prove to be so perfect, and finally by their downright relief at leaving the valley and having the experience in the bag, so to speak-that is, safely embalmed in memory and movie film (Ways of Reading, Pg. 86). This particular quote stuck out to me because My family and I left with videos of our trip, and we left back home telling our experience to others about our trip to the crystal beach that almost seemed to good to be true. The scenery, the view and the sunset made my experience worthwhile because I had never seen anything like it before, it was an experience that i had not expected, it was an experience that had not already been formed in my mind. From my trip, i can surely understand Percy and what point he was trying to make in understanding that seeing the canyon under approved circumstances is seeing the symbolic complex, head on. The- thing is no longer the thing as it confronted the Spaniard; it is rather that which has already been formulated-by picture post- card, geography book, tourist folders, and the words Grand Can- yon (Ways of Reading, Pg. 482).

King Arthur And Merlin Essay Example For Students

King Arthur And Merlin Essay Merlin is a popular character when it comes to the stories of King Arthur andother stories dealing with the Arthurian age. In most of the stories writtenabout him they refer to him as the magician, kingmaker, and prophet. We alsoknow him as the one that takes care of Arthur from birth, who set him on thethrone, who established him there in the early days of his reign as king. Whilemost books agree that he knew King Arthur and watched over him from birth, whatwas he really, was he a magician with a beard in a tall pointed hat and longcloak with a magic wand that performed magic or was he a prophet that could forsee the future as portrayed in the Crystal Cave or was he something else. In the Crystal Cave Merlin is portrayed as a prophet that can see into thefuture with the help of the pattern of crystals in the cave that he discovered. Here he is not portrayed as a magician but rather it shows us his technicalabilities, like when he moved Hele Stone of Stonehenge with the machine hebuilt, rather then raising the whole stone or causing it to fly through the airor float across the sea. He is then portrayed as the kingmaker when at theend he is given Arthur to raise and teach so he would be ready to take over thethrown when he got older. Merlin may also be known as a lover LastEnchantment, when while under Arthurs rule, Merlin retires to thewilderness and there is attacked y a subtle poison given to him by Morgause, heis later nursed back to health by a young girl named Ninian. After that Ninianbecomes Merlins pupil until in the end when his powers begin to fade and shetakes over the role of guardian of Arthurs realm. Merlins morepassionate side is also showed in a book written by James Branch Cabell. In thebook titled Something About Eve Merlin is summoned along with King Solomonand Odysseus to give an account of him self before the passes ?into the realmsof the otherworld to discover the true meaning of his life, here Merlinconfesses that he was happy for a long time in his tower, until he saw hispeople of the Arthurian age begin to break each other and to become filled withhate and lust and barbarity. But even then he lingers on, happy with his childlove and peace of his tower, only now does he seek enlightenment in theOtherworld, where he might find failure of his dream.(Stewart, 96) Merlin forwhatever reason does not cease to be concerned with this world and the peoplewho live in it. Merlins love of women, sometimes moralized into a sexualweakness, is a reflection of his otherworldly fathers love for his mother. This in turn relates to one of the most ancient mythical themes, and like allMerlinic lore is intimately concerned with both environment and the spiritualintimations found in all religions, magic, and mysticism. Thus the varioussexual convolutions of Merlin in the modern fiction are not merelymisunderstandings of the source of material but are explorations of a universaltheme expressed through the mediating figure of Merlin. Merlin is also seen as ateacher, like in Parke Godwins Firelord. Here Merlin is in a senseArthurs own inner self, able to show him a vision of the future, of the greatking and warrior whose presence draws the very utmost effort from the men whofollow him, the man that Arthur is to become, driven by the Merlin within. InT.H. Whites The Sword in the Stone Merlin teaches by example, turningArthur into animal, fish, or bird. Doing so he learns many things, from hisencounter with a great pike that lives beneath the walls of hisfoster-fathers castle, he learns that pow er for its own sake leads nowhere. Arthur as a bird discovers that boundaries are an illusion fought over withoutreason. All that he learns allows him to portray his good character as he pullsthe sword from the stone that made him king. Him being a teacher is also seen inthe Crystal Cave when he is given Arthur at birth to teach because he didnot have a father that wanted him, and so his mother thought that giving thechild to Merlin would be the wisest thing to do. In Catherine Christians TheSword and the Flame it has Merlin arranging for Arthur to acquire his second,more famous sword, Excalibur. Instead of him receiving the sword from the Ladyof the Lake, Merlin assists in its forging by an ancient Smith God from a lumpof meteorite. That the shaping of King or sword may extend beyond a singlelifetime is shown in those versions of the story where Merlin or Arthur comeagain, after a long sleep, in Avalon or the Hawthorn Tower, to continue the workleft unfinished at the end of the Arthurian Age. (Stewart, 99) When writi ngabout Merlin there are three aspect that authors look into, the bright youth,the mad prophet and shaman, and the wise elder. All three are concerned with theinteraction of spiritual and magical powers, with a strong emphasis in the worksof John Cowper-Powys and C.S. Lewis. Merlin born of a moral mother and anotherworld spirit according to the chronicles acts as the mediator for deeppowers manifesting through the land into human consciousness. His threefoldappearance is initially that of the lifetime of any person, youth, adulthood,maturity, but into each of these aspects is channeled the most potent dynamicpower, imagery, and mystery of each life phase. As a youth, he is the eternalchild, of spiritual purity, as a mature man he is the wild fervent power ofmagic or transforming consciousness, as an elder he is the epitome of wisdom,learning, transcendent knowledge, and experience. In fictional worksunconnected to one another, this coherence out of diversity is apparent andoccasion ally the deep ancient god-form appears, the non-human power behind thesemi-human Merlin. This power may also take a number of shapes. But what isremarkable is that authors of quite different style, cultural background andquality of work may be imaginatively aware of its existence. There is nochronicle source for Merlin as a god or titanic power, only a few hints in earlyWelsh poetry. Later romances and chronicles were divided between the magician ofArthurs court and the increasingly orthodox image of a diabolical being,though there is no mention of Merlin linked to Arthur in the early sources, andcertainly no question of evil.(Stewart, 82) Merlin has remained dark andmysterious despite everything. Yet somehow, none of those who have chosen towrite about him have been able to resist asking the question of whom or what heis. Answers they have come up with are different from author to author,picturing him as god or jester, as a prophet, wiseman, as an old lover as analien being brought to earth on cosmic business, as a wondrous child or as acharlatan and a liar and a madman. But always, between the disguises, we glimpseanother face, that of an old pilgrim and wanderer, sent here long ago to guideand guard the destiny of kings and of men. We perhaps know Merlin best in hismost familiar appearance, him being the wise and foresighted wizard who standsbehind Arthur in the early days of his reign who acts as advisor and councilorto the young king until he himself is ensnared by a beautiful young woman whobecomes his apprentice. The different aspects of Merlin Merlin is a popularcharacter when it comes to the stories of King Arthur and other stories dealingwith the Arthurian age. In most of the stories written about him they refer tohim as the magician, kingmaker, and prophet. We also know him as the one thattakes care of Arthur from birth, who set him on the throne, who established himthere in the early days of his reign as king. While most books agree that heknew Kin g Arthur and watched over him from birth, what was he really, was he amagician with a beard in a tall pointed hat and long cloak with a magic wandthat performed magic or was he a prophet that could for see the future asportrayed in the Crystal Cave or was he something else. In the CrystalCave Merlin is portrayed as a prophet that can see into the future with thehelp of the pattern of crystals in the cave that he discovered. Here he is notportrayed as a magician but rather it shows us his technical abilities, likewhen he moved Hele Stone of Stonehenge with the machine he built, ratherthen raising the whole stone or causing it to fly through the air or floatacross the sea. He is then portrayed as the kingmaker when at the end heis given Arthur to raise and teach so he would be ready to take over the thrownwhen he got older. Merlin may also be known as a lover Last Enchantment,when while under Arthurs rule, Merlin retires to the wilderness and there isattacked y a subtle poison given t o him by Morgause, he is later nursed back tohealth by a young girl named Ninian. After that Ninian becomes Merlins pupiluntil in the end when his powers begin to fade and she takes over the role ofguardian of Arthurs realm. Merlins more passionate side is also showedin a book written by James Branch Cabell. In the book titled Something AboutEve Merlin is summoned along with King Solomon and Odysseus to give anaccount of himself before the passes ?into the realms of the otherworld todiscover the true meaning of his life, here Merlin confesses that he was happyfor a long time in his tower, until he saw his people of the Arthurian age beginto break each other and to become filled with hate and lust and barbarity. Buteven then he lingers on, happy with his child love and peace of his tower, onlynow does he seek enlightenment in the Otherworld, where he might find failure ofhis dream.(Stewart, 96) Merlin for whatever reason does not cease to beconcerned with this world and the people wh o live in it. Merlins love ofwomen, sometimes moralized into a sexual weakness, is a reflection of hisotherworldly fathers love for his mother. This in turn relates to one of themost ancient mythical themes, and like all Merlinic lore is intimately concernedwith both environment and the spiritual intimations found in all religions,magic, and mysticism. Thus the various sexual convolutions of Merlin in themodern fiction are not merely misunderstandings of the source of material butare explorations of a universal theme expressed through the mediating figure ofMerlin. Merlin is also seen as a teacher, like in Parke Godwins Firelord. Ap Language And Composition Scarlet Letter EssayHere Merlin is in a sense Arthurs own inner self, able to show him a visionof the future, of the great king and warrior whose presence draws the veryutmost effort from the men who follow him, the man that Arthur is to become,driven by the Merlin within. In T.H. Whites The Sword in the StoneMerlin teaches by example, turning Arthur into animal, fish, or bird. Doing sohe learns many things, from his encounter with a great pike that lives beneaththe walls of his foster-fathers castle, he learns that power for its own sakeleads nowhere. Arthur as a bird discovers that boundaries are an illusion foughtover without reason. All that he learns allows him to portray his good characteras he pulls the sword from the stone that made him king. Him being a teacher isalso seen in the Crystal Cave when he is given Arthur at birth to teachbecause he did not have a father that wanted him, and so his mother thought thatgiving the child to Merlin would b e the wisest thing to do. In CatherineChristians The Sword and the Flame it has Merlin arranging for Arthur toacquire his second, more famous sword, Excalibur. Instead of him receiving thesword from the Lady of the Lake, Merlin assists in its forging by an ancientSmith God from a lump of meteorite. That the shaping of King or sword mayextend beyond a single lifetime is shown in those versions of the story whereMerlin or Arthur come again, after a long sleep, in Avalon or the HawthornTower, to continue the work left unfinished at the end of the Arthurian Age.(Stewart, 99) When writing about Merlin there are three aspect that authorslook into, the bright youth, the mad prophet and shaman, and the wise elder. Allthree are concerned with the interaction of spiritual and magical powers, with astrong emphasis in the works of John Cowper-Powys and C.S. Lewis. Merlin born ofa moral mother and an otherworld spirit according to the chronicles acts as themediator for deep powers manifesting th rough the land into human consciousness. His threefold appearance is initially that of the lifetime of any person, youth,adulthood, maturity, but into each of these aspects is channeled the most potentdynamic power, imagery, and mystery of each life phase. As a youth, he is theeternal child, of spiritual purity, as a mature man he is the wild fervent powerof magic or transforming consciousness, as an elder he is the epitome of wisdom,learning, transcendent knowledge, and experience. In fictional worksunconnected to one another, this coherence out of diversity is apparent andoccasionally the deep ancient god-form appears, the non-human power behind thesemi-human Merlin. This power may also take a number of shapes. But what isremarkable is that authors of quite different style, cultural background andquality of work may be imaginatively aware of its existence. There is nochronicle source for Merlin as a god or titanic power, only a few hints in earlyWelsh poetry. Later romances and chronicles were divided between the magicia n ofArthurs court and the increasingly orthodox image of a diabolical being,though there is no mention of Merlin linked to Arthur in the early sources, andcertainly no question of evil.(Stewart, 82) Merlin has remained dark andmysterious despite everything. Yet somehow, none of those who have chosen towrite about him have been able to resist asking the question of whom or what heis. Answers they have come up with are different from author to author,picturing him as god or jester, as a prophet, wiseman, as an old lover as analien being brought to earth on cosmic business, as a wondrous child or as acharlatan and a liar and a madman. But always, between the disguises, we glimpseanother face, that of an old pilgrim and wanderer, sent here long ago to guideand guard the destiny of kings and of men. We perhaps know Merlin best in hismost familiar appearance, him being the wise and foresighted wizard who standsbehind Arthur in the early days of his reign who acts as advisor and councilort o the young king until he himself is ensnared by a beautiful young woman whobecomes his apprentice.

The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University

Introduction Higher education has become one of the most valuable commodities in the contemporary world. Higher education plays valuable roles such as being the engine for technological advancement and economic development, a platform for workplace training, as well as repository of the general human knowledge (Losco Fife 73). Achievement of higher education remains as one of the most significant envy of many, yet rising costs of higher education are moving it far beyond the reach of those who need it the most.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is crucial that new ideologies be formed to address the challenges facing higher education institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University that contribute to their rising fees. Funding higher education is characterized by the spending of large amounts of public resources. Despit e the fact that this spending affects the opportunities of many, majority have not had sufficient access to either higher education or the structure that makes decisions regarding higher education. This essay paper seeks to investigate the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. An Overview of Kwantlen Polytechnic University Kwantlen is a modern and dynamic institution of higher learning established in 1981 by the government of British Columbia. Kwantlen Polytechnic University has four main campuses offering over 120 degree, diploma, certificate, as well as citations academic programs. The four campuses are located in the British Columbia’s Vancouver Metro region in Cloverdale, Surrey, Langley and Richmond. The current annual student population of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is approximately 17,500 students. The university polytechnic designs, develops and offers academic programs as well as other applied credentials geared towards meeting both current and fut ure needs of regional, as well as international employment markets. Kwantlen Polytechnic University provides its students with an opportunity to bridge or rather upgrade their certificate, as well as diploma academic credentials into degrees. This is crucial as it enhances academic and professional bridging of both applied and technical academic programs. The main role of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is to serve the British Columbia region through innovation, research and teaching. The university polytechnic is committed to serving the diverse need of the region.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a dynamic and modern institution of higher learning in Canada, Kwantlen Polytechnic University prioritizes the academic and learning needs of its students. This prioritization of students’ academic and learning needs is achieved through focusing on integrating theory, pr actice and critical thinking and insight. Kwantlen Polytechnic University is also committed to providing its students with the necessary understanding and skills to enable them to become aware, engaged, as well as responsible citizens. The programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is also geared towards enabling students pursue fulfilling academic, professional, as well as technical carriers. As a learning or rather teaching, research and innovations institution of higher learning, Kwantlen Polytechnic University emphasizes the need for its programs to promote human capacity in influencing and improving the world. The quest to achieve this entire mandate is one of the most important factors that continue to influence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University also embedded multiple pathways into the traditional, as well as career programs that it offers its students. The requirements of completing these programs cost a little mo re than the conventional degree programs offered in other institutions of higher learning in the region. This is one of the determinants for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University offers students degree, diploma, certificate, as well as citation programs in broad areas of science disciplines and traditional liberal arts, technology fields and in trades, as well as other professional and career- based programs. Diploma, certificate and citation programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University are specially designed in order to bridge into career and professional degree programs. The university polytechnic offers highly successful, professional and career-oriented programs in qualified studies. This enables Kwantlen Polytechnic University to provide students of varied abilities and talents with access pathways to support and opportunities to enable them achieve their full potential. In order to realize this commitment, Kwantlen Polyt echnic University has to raise its fees which will be felt by the students in catering for the financial requirements of their career and professional programs. In order to meet the needs of non-tradition students’ quest for additional academic, career and professional opportunities, the students must be ready to meet the full costs of such programs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Increasing Fees in Post-Secondary Institutions Background Information Sweet and Anisef (57) posit that higher education has been a shared responsibility of the state through taxes, the students and the parents through their own savings. Higher education is associated with benefits and financial compensation in the long run, hence the need to pursue learning at institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Studies have related higher levels of education to increased earnings and low rates of unemployment, hence justifying the increasing need and personal responsibility for the increasing costs of obtaining higher education (Sweet Anisef 57). Recent policies in Canada regarding students education funding emphasizes the role of individual students in paying for a portion of the higher education. These higher education policies in Canada are geared towards creating consistency in restructuring between the education sector and other public sectors such as public service and health. However, the looser in all these educational restructuring policies is the student from financially disadvantaged background. These groups of students have found it extremely difficult to marshal the necessary financial resources in order to gain entry or rather access to institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Sweet Anisef 57). In 1995 a program dubbed Canadian Health and Social tran sfer (CHST) was introduced by the federal government to facilitate post-secondary school education (Sweet Anisef 58). The program involved federal funding reductions in terms of the transfer of resources to institutions of higher learning, health and social welfare. The response of the provinces such as British Columbia was higher fees and reduced grants to public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. According to Sweet and Anisef (Sweet Anisef 58), this response shifted the financial responsibility of funding higher education to the students and their families. Between 1998 and 1999, the fees paid by students accounted for above 20% of institutions of higher learning revenues. There is disparity in terms of the fees attributed to students from province to province. For example, in the province of Nova Scotia fees paid by students accounted for 28.5 % of the revenue of universities. The increasing fees of institution of higher learning in Canada between 1993 and 2004 has rose up to 98.9 % with the province of Ontario having the greatest increase of 137.2 % and the province of Quebec having the lowest increase of 20.2 % (Sweet Anisef 58). In the province of British Columbia where Kwantlen Polytechnic University is located, a tuition fee freeze of seven years was instituted up to 2001-2002 academic year. The tuition fee freezing resulted into a 5 % reduction in the cost of funding higher education (Sweet Anisef 58).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, after the elections of the Campbell administration, tuition fees were deregulated and institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University started increasing their fees to the national average up to 2006. The deregulation of tuition fees by the Campbell government was the beginning of the increasing fees of most institution of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University in the province of British Columbia (Sweet Anisef 58). Higher education plays essential roles of providing avenues for students to pursue opportunities in learning, research, innovation and public social service. More than three quarters of students in higher learning institutions are usually enrolled in public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University in the British Columbia region. This therefore, means that universities, colleges and other institutions of higher learning must always operate in a manner that upholds the quality of programs provi ded to students despite the hard economic times, rising inflation rates, as well as the sky-rocking prices (Kane Orszag 2). Thus, any decline in the quality of academic, career and professional programs offered by institutions of higher learning could result into troubling implications. The funding of public institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University is closely related to the quality of such institutions. Funding restrictions is a critical issue of concern because it substantially influences the quality of public institutions of higher learning (Kane Orszag 2). The level of quality of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University influences, social well-being, income inequality, as well as macro-economic performance of a regions such as British Columbia. The quest for the maintenance of quality of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is a significant reason for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. An interesting co ncern would be whether smooth and sustainable state funding of institutions of higher learning like Kwantlen Polytechnic University would help with the reduction of fees of such institutions. The expenditure arising from various operational, instructional, researches, academic are some of the most important functions of the Kwantlen Polytechnic University that has led to the increasing fees (Kane Orszag 5). Thus, by smoothing financial assistance for higher education is likely affect the current trend Kwantlen Polytechnic University appropriations as an institution of higher learning. If the state of British Columbia initiates long term horizons and budgets over the medium and long-term, then funding of public institutions will significantly determine the level of appropriations of expenditure in institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In the long run the chargeable fees at Kwantlen Polytechnic University will significantly normalize (Kane Orszag15). However, since thi s is not the case, the fees levied on students at Kwantlen Polytechnic University continue to increase. The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University aimed at bridging the gap created by unlimited financial support from the public sector (Kane Orszag 15). The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University without any offsetting means of aid to lower-income group of students negatively influences the ability of such students to fully meet the financial requirements of their programs. Despite the fact that increasing fees will enable Kwantlen Polytechnic University to operate effectively and provide qualified learning, research, innovation and public social service, the increase have a disproportionate impact on students from low income backgrounds. The increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University has been attributed to the rising costs of learning materials, institutional operation, the remuneration of instructors and other staff, inflationary pressures among other simple economic factors (Kane Orszag 15). Since funding offered by the provincial treasury does not adequately cater for the needs of Kwantlen Polytechnic University amidst the above simple economic consideration, this financial burden is passed onto the students by increasing fees. Educational Programs and the Mandate of Kwantlen Polytechnic University The university polytechnic seeks to offer curriculum programs and services that are essential in preparing their students to be global-oriented citizens. Doing so would mean Kwantlen Polytechnic University spends more on designing and developing educational, career and professional programs that mould students to become global citizens. This will eventually be reflected in the students fee, hence the rise of fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University continues to emphasize its role as a significant centre for cultural, educational, learning, innovation and recreational for communities in British Columbi a region. In order to mould its students into being global citizens, Kwantlen Polytechnic University recognizes the critical role that indigenous, international and cross-cultural perspectives play in its curriculum programs. Thus, Kwantlen Polytechnic University seeks to emphasize its position as an attractive and favourable alternative option for consideration by international students seeking qualified educational, career as well as professional opportunities. The rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University can also be attributed to the fact that Kwantlen Polytechnic University, as an institution of higher learning recognizes the importance of diversity, as well as freedom of expression and belief. Kwantlen Polytechnic University thus, is committed to providing its diverse student population with a secure and supportive environment for learning and individual fulfillment. Kwantlen Polytechnic University was first established as a community college, and then upgraded to a unive rsity college, and now the institution is Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University is the only public post†secondary institution of higher learning in the south Fraser area west of Abbotsford. One of the critical goals of Kwantlen Polytechnic University is to offer their students a variety of postsecondary education educational, professional and technical programs to choose from. In addition to degrees, diplomas, certificate and citation programs, Kwantlen Polytechnic University offer an extensive trades training program at our Cloverdale campus. Kwantlen Polytechnic University Cloverdale campus works closely with both local and provincial employers in order to generate placements to students who graduate at Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 1). Other programs offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University include an Adult Special Education program for adults and the elderly. English as a Second Language is another important program offered by Kwantle n Polytechnic University. Kwantlen Polytechnic University program on Adult Basic Education, as well as the program on Developmental Education are designed and developed to provide Kwantlen Polytechnic University students with the opportunity to complete their high school education and upgrade their skills. They are aimed at enabling students attain the necessary essential pre†requisites to pursue undergraduate programs, as well as to improve their educational, career and professional options (Murray 1). The nature and the requirements of these comprehensive programs means that their cost have to be slightly higher on the sides of the students, hence the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Kwantlen is a derived word that means â€Å"tireless runner†. This represents Kwantlen Polytechnic University emphasis on quality and excellence. As such, Kwantlen Polytechnic University in tireless quest for learning, research and innovation emphasizes the significance of upholding the values of the first Kwantlen First Nation. Learning, wisdom, distinctiveness and dignity of the culture of Kwantlen First Nation are embedded in the institution’s belief that all forms of culture around the globe in general and the British Columbia region in particular enrich each other. This belief provides all students with the opportunity for cross-cultural understanding, interaction, as well as fulfillment. Therefore, Kwantlen Polytechnic University students find it easy to fit into the global employment and professional market after their graduation at the institution. For e institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to sustainably achieve their objectives of providing students with quality programs, they must have access to huge amounts of funding. As such, operating grants coming from the province are crucial sources of funding for institutions of learning in the British Columbia region. These operating grants are the largest single form of investment that the provincial authority makes in the institutions of higher learning in the region. However, these operating grants by the provincial authorities have not been adequate considering either the current basic inflation rates or the rapid increase in the number of students being admitted at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. As a result, student operating grants with regard to the province real grant have declined by over 8 percent since the year 2001 (Murray 2). To cater for or rather make up for the decline, institutions like Kwantlen Polytechnic University are left with raising the fees as the only other available option. This means that institutions of higher learning or rather, post secondary school learning institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University have to do a lot with very little. While institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University are mandated to provide students with the courses and services they need to be suc cessful, Kwantlen Polytechnic University struggles with tighter and tighter financial budgets. This is a solid reason for the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In all these, the casualty remains to be the students (Murray 2). Financial constraints in institutions of higher learning make it more and more difficult for the students to get into courses or to receive services that are essential for their programs. For instance, students have to deal with the growing waiting lists for program offerings that are critical for them to complete their incitation, certificate, diploma or degree programs (Murray 2). Thus, Kwantlen Polytechnic University has to raise its fees to be able to provide adequately for the students program needs. Affordability is a notable challenge that has led to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Fees especially tuition fees for an undergraduate degree programs have risen by more than double within the last 10 years (Murray 2). The ris ing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University may not have dented the levels of enrolment at the institution, but it has impacted negatively on the operations of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Students now left with no other option than to take on much higher financial debt than was the case with their counterparts who studied at Kwantlen Polytechnic University ten years ago. Canadian Federation of Students, has expressed concerns over the $27,000 debt that an average student is forced to graduate with (Murray 2). Students are forced to take much longer time periods to complete their incitation, certificate, diploma or degree programs. This is because the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University mean with greater debt, hence the pressure and need to work part†time to be able to cater for the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 2). The affordability crunch with relation to the institution’s cost of operation, remuneration package of instructors a nd other employees and the rising cost of learning materials and equipments are simple economic factors that have also contributed to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. These simple economic factors have distorted how much tuition fee revenue determines the overall revenue picture at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. In 2001 for instance, tuition fee revenues at Kwantlen Polytechnic University amounted to slightly above $ 11 million (Murray 2). This $ 11 million translated into approximately 13% of Kwantlen Polytechnic University total revenue. By 2011, tuition fee revenue has risen from $ 11 million in 2001 to approximately above $ 44 million (Murray 2). This is simply a fourfold tuition fees increase at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. This figure of tuition fees, account for approximately above 30% of total Kwantlen Polytechnic University revenues (Murray, 2). The rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University over a relatively short period of time, begs a number of questions. Questions revolving around intergenerational disparities arise. People start asking questions, such as why the current generations of Kwantlen Polytechnic University students are paying much higher fees for their education than was the case with their counterparts in earlier generations. In a normal circumstance, inter†generational equity has to find a balance at some point. Making students to pay a third of their education costs today, when previous students paid only half that number strikes simple logic a situation profoundly out of balance (Murray 2). According to Kwantlen Faculty Association (KFA), internationalization of education at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is another contributing factor to the rising fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Murray 3). Kwantlen Polytechnic University, many universities and colleges in the British Columbia region, recognizes the value of internationalizing their educational programs. The institution has a long and di stinguished history of opening doors of learning, career and professional opportunities to both international students and staff. Internationalization of education programs at Kwantlen Polytechnic University is not only crucial for the students, who are in a position to access a quality education within British Columbia, but also crucial for Kwantlen Polytechnic University as an institution and the university’s domestic students (Murray 3). The domestic students for example, will be able to engage in the diversity that results from having international and multi-cultural students within Kwantlen Polytechnic University classrooms. This is an important dimension of the institution’s curriculum and programs in preparing its graduate students for a world employment, career and professional opportunities driven by the forces of globalization (Murray 3). Why the Increasing Fees of Institutions of Higher Learning Such As Kwantlen Polytechnic University Diminishing government funding of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is a major contributing factor in the increasing fees of such institutions in Canada. The provincial administration of British Columbia has not adequately funded institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University prompting Kwantlen to seek funding from other sources among them increasing tuition fees paid by their students, seeking funding from the private sector, as well as other non-academic fees (Clarke Dopp 12). This puts a lot of pressure on students especially on those from financially disadvantaged backgrounds thereby further complicating the prospects for attaining higher education. The trouble for the Canadian students started way back in 2003, when the liberal government came to power and cut off federal transfers to post-secondary institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University. The provinces on the other hand, denounced the moves but have not done enough to address the issue of in creasing tuition fees (Clarke Dopp 12). Therefore, Kwantlen Polytechnic University increases its fees due to financial deficit that it experiences due to diminishing funding from both the federal and the provincial administrations. A significant source of the rising fees of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University, results from their current financial expenditures and transfers. Expenditures incurred by institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University for purposes of their operation include those incurred in acquiring capital assets like library books, laboratory equipments to mention but a few (Losco Fife 74). Other expenditures that necessitate budgeting and transfers by institutions of higher learning include academic support, research, institutional support, student services, scholarships and fellowships, hospitals, public service, auxiliary services, maintenance of physical facilities, as well as independent operations of institutions of hig her learning. Auxiliary expenditures are also incurred by institutions such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to facilitate institutional operations. Independent expenditures are incurred on operations not related to the primary objectives of the institution. Primary roles of Kwantlen Polytechnic University include learning, research and innovation (Losco Fife 74). Instructions are other sources of the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Instructions consist of expenditure by institutions of higher learning within their various departments, schools, faculties, as well as other instructional divisions within an institution of higher learning (Losco Fife 75). Instructional expenditures also include costs incurred by departmental public service and research which are usually budgeted for separately by institutions of higher learning. Instructional expenditures also arise from activities such as those that include general academic instruction, vocational and occupatio nal instructions. Other programs that are involved in these expenditures are community education, special session instructions, basic adult education, preparatory and remedial instructions (Priest John 116). Finances for these spending are generated from the fees paid by students, hence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Research is another source of the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. As an institution of higher learning research is one of the primary functions of the institution besides, learning and innovation. The expenditure of institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University includes activities geared towards producing research outcomes. These activities can be commissioned by an agency either internal or external to an institution (Losco Fife 75). At some point in the course of learning, students are also required to carry out their own research as part of partial requirement for the fulfillment of their academ ic programs. All these requirement need to be funded from some source, of which students fees is a source. The need for institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University to achieve their mandate of carrying out activities that produce research outcomes prompts them to increase fees charged on students. Kwantlen Polytechnic University must support public service, academic activities, student services and the institution itself in order to operate effectively. In so doing, funds are budgeted for and set aside to finance these functions. Kwantlen Polytechnic University offers public service as part of their corporate social responsibility to the British Columbia community and public. Some of these services include free seminars and community trainings, expenditures incurred for the benefit of the general public, as well as cooperative extension services (Losco Fife, 75). Academic services supported by Kwantlen Polytechnic University include those that are integra l part of the primary role of learning, research and innovation. These services or activities are usually embedded in the incitation, certificate, diploma and degree programs that are offered at Kwantlen Polytechnic University. They must be funded to be successful, hence the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University (Losco Fife 75). Students’ services that must be financed include admissions services and registration activities. Others include those that contribute to the physical and emotional wellbeing, social, cultural and intellectual development of the students (Losco Fife 75). Lastly, institutional support involves day-to-day operation of the institution of higher learning. Institutional operations include administrative functions, planning, and public relations, fiscal and legal services among others. These service need to be funded for Kwantlen Polytechnic University to operate effectively (Losco Fife 75). Due to increased rate of inflation and the cost of producing various services, the funding of these essential services are passed onto the students through increasing the fees they are charged for various educational programs. Other institutional functions that contribute to the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University include the operation and maintenance of physical plants, scholarships and fellowships in the form of grants-in-aid, prizes, pell grants, fee waivers and students’ stipends (Losco Fife 75). Other functions include both mandatory such as those which are legally binding and non-mandatory transfers made at the discretion of the governing board of the institution, auxiliary enterprises, hospitals and lastly independent operations. All this operations at Kwantlen Polytechnic University must be adequately funding in order for the institution of higher learning to achieve its primary objectives of learning, research, innovation and public services (Priest John 116). This is another reason for the increasi ng fee of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. Conclusions Despite the reasons for the increasing fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University, the fact is this action diminishes access to higher education. The most disadvantaged groups are the students from financially handicapped backgrounds. Thus the increasing fee in most institutions of higher learning limits these students from disadvantaged families (Forest and Kinser 12). However, institutions of higher learning such as Kwantlen Polytechnic University have to operate in order achieve their primary roles of learning, research, innovation and public social service. With diminishing financial grants from the provincial government, Kwantlen Polytechnic University is left with limited option to seek funding. Such sources then include increased tuition fees in addition to the private sector sources and other non-academic fees sources. Increasing tuition fees places severe constraints on students pursuing higher education thereby further co mplicating accessibility in higher education. Works Cited Clarke, Tony, Dopp Sarah. Challenging McWorld: Think, Talk, and Act. Montreal: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 2005. Print. Forest, James, and Kinser Kevin. Higher Education in the United States: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2002. Print. Kane, Thomas, Orszag Peter. Funding Restrictions at Public Universities: Effects and Policy Implications. Washington DC: Brookings Institution, 2003. Print. Losco, Joseph, Fife Brian. Higher Education in Transition: The Challenges of the New Millennium. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Print. Murray, Joel. â€Å"Address by Kwantlen Faculty Association (KFA) on October 6, 2011.† Web. Priest, Douglas, John Edward. Privatization and Public Universities. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. Print. Sweet, Robert, Anisef Paul. Preparing For Post-Secondary Education: New Roles for Governments and Families. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Universit y Press, 2005. Print. â€Å"About Kwantlen.† kwantlen.bc.ca. Kwantlen Polytechnic University, n.d. Web. This report on The Increasing Fees of Kwantlen Polytechnic University was written and submitted by user Nathan Coleman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.